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Transistor celebrates its 60th birthday

Transistor celebrates its 60th birthday

The transistor is now over 60 years old and the technology industry continues to heavily rely on it.

Sunday saw the transistor reach a venerable milestone – the ubiquitous technology is now sixty years old.

Bell Labs employees William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain constructed the first viable point-contact transistor on the 16th December 1947. Named for an abbreviation of the words “transconductance” and “varistor”, the transistor is one of those inventions which genuinely revolutionised the world.

Before transistors were developed computing devices were either wholly mechanical (viz Babbage's Analytical Engine) or based on slow and bulky vacuum tubes (ENIAC and all descendants thereof). The transistor was a massive breakthrough and since that day sixty years ago has been incorporated in everything from computers to radios, albeit in junction-based rather than point-contact form. D'uh.

Although the original transistor was a bulky thing, created as it was purely by hand and easily visible to the naked eye from half a room away, modern transistors have been miniaturised to the point that an average computer processor contains more than 200 million of them in an area no bigger than your little fingernail.

The transistors used in modern computing devices act as teeny-tiny switches, capable of flipping between 0 and 1 in significantly less than the blink of an eye. Although a switch capable of nothing more than 'on' and 'off' doesn't sound that useful, put enough of them together and you get games like Call of Duty 4.

Even with companies like IBM working on moving to optical computing and the oft-promised but seldom-delivered breakthroughs promised by quantum computing it's fair to say that the transistor will still have a place at the heart of electronics for many years to come.

So, charge your glasses and raise a toast to the transistor: without it, you wouldn't be reading this now.

Any old-timers here remember buying a kit-based transistor radio? Perhaps an enterprising modder has had a go at making their own point-contact transistor? Reminisce via the forums.

9 Comments

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BioSniper 17th December 2007, 12:09 Quote
Happy birthday transistor, I shall have a pint in thy honour.

Long live the transistor, woot and all that.
HellRazor 17th December 2007, 16:03 Quote
*Salutes transistor*

Thank you mr. Transistor, without you my job would suck-literally! (designing chips with vacuum tube...YUCK!)
Kipman725 17th December 2007, 19:40 Quote
erm it's not the 60th birthday of the transistor.. they have been around since the 1940's at least as very expensive unreliable devices. I think this 60th aniversiry may be the 60th aniversiry of a transistor design that worked better?
DXR_13KE 17th December 2007, 20:18 Quote
anyway happy birthday.....
wuyanxu 17th December 2007, 20:49 Quote
it's amazing that we are still using the Transistor..... i really hope they can come up with some new technology, since soon, when we reach 32nm, it'd be near impossible to go any smaller, faster.

anyway, happy birthday.

in reply to your article's last comment: i did, in fact, used a few of those old Bipolar transistors to make an amplifier based on Long Tail Pair, and soon, the burnt down building will be rebuilt, where every undergraduate's chip projects can resume using the clean room
(cookie for whoever can guess which university had their clean room burnt down 2 years ago)
Brooxy 18th December 2007, 06:05 Quote
Quote:
Originally Posted by wuyanxu

(cookie for whoever can guess which university had their clean room burnt down 2 years ago)

Southampton Uni.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/4390048.stm

Remembered one of my mates from soton telling me about it. Dang my memory is good....

And in other news...

Happ B'day transistor. Looks like I have my excuse to have a pint tonight. Without transistors, i'd be extremely bored.
wuyanxu 18th December 2007, 12:40 Quote
great memory, cookie!
http://dessertstogo.net/images/dessert%20115.jpg
Quote:
A spokesman said some of the world's most advanced research was carried out there and its loss was devastating.
yeah right, i was using a 10% effecient solar cell made by the clean room before it's burnt down...... Stanford are producing 30% and best was 40% efficient solar cells.
kosch 18th December 2007, 17:04 Quote
Its about time they reverse engineered some more alien technology!
The_Beast 18th December 2007, 22:48 Quote
Happy Birthday :?
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